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The Intel Pentium Processor
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The Intel Pentium is a fifth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor, introduced on March 22, 1993. It is the successor to the 486 line. The Pentium was originally to be named 80586 or i586, but the name was changed to Pentium because numbers could not be trademarked. 586 is however, used in programming referring to all the early Pentium processors, and Pentium-like processors made by the Intel competition.
The original Pentium microprocessor had the internal code name P5, and was a pipelined in-order superscalar microprocessor, produced using a 0.8 µm process. It was followed by the second generation Pentium P54, a shrink of the P5 to a 0.6 µm process, which was dual-processor ready and had an internal clock speed different from the front side bus (it's much more difficult to increase the bus speed than to increase the internal clock). In turn, the P54 was followed by the 3rd generation P54C, which used a 0.35 µm process - a pure CMOS process, as opposed to the Bipolar CMOS process that was used for the earlier Pentiums.
The early versions of 60-100 MHz Pentiums had a problem in the floating point unit that, in rare cases, resulted in reduced precision of division operations. This bug, discovered in 1994, became known as the Pentium FDIV bug and caused great embarrassment for Intel, which created an exchange program to replace the faulty processors with corrected ones. The 60 and 66 Mhz 0.8 µm versions of the Pentium processors were also known for their fragility and their (for the time) high levels of heat production.
FDIV-Bug
Following S-Spec numbers are affected:
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| P5-50: |
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Q0399 |
| P5-60: |
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Q0352, Q0394, Q0400, Q0412, Q0466, SX753, SX835, SZ949 |
| P5-66: |
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Q0353, Q0395, Q0413, Q0467, SX754, SX837, SZ950 |
| P54-75: |
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Q0540, Q0541, Q0601, Q0606, SX951 |
| P54-90: |
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Q0542, Q0543, Q0611, Q0612, Q0613, Q0628, SX679, SX874, SX885, SX909, SX921, SX922, SX923, SX942, SX943, SX944, SZ951 |
| P54-100: |
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Q0563, Q0587, Q0614, Q0677, SX886, SX910, SX960 |
References:
Ars Technica: An Architectural History
Pentium at Wikpedia |
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Intel Pentium A80501-60 |
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A80501-60
L3281604
SX753
INTEL (M) (c) 1992 |  |
53160220NA
MALAY
ES 328
INTEL (M) (C) 1992 |
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| Core Frequency: | 60 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 60 MHz |
| Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,100,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.80 µ | | Voltage: | 5 V | | Introduced: | March 22, 1993 | | Manufactured: | week 28/1993 | | Made in: | Malaysia | | L1 Cache: | 8+8 KB | | CPU Code: | Pentium
P5 | | Intel S-Spec: |
SX753 |
| Package Type: | Ceramic
PGA-273 |
| Socket: |
4 |
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Intel Pentium A80501-60 Goldcap, 'Processor'-Marking |
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A80501-60
SX835
L4050009
INTEL (M) (C) 1992 |  |
53430560AA
MALAY
F 405
INTEL (M) (C) 1992 |
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| Core Frequency: | 60 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 60 MHz |
| Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,100,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.80 µ | | Voltage: | 5 V | | Introduced: | March 22, 1993 | | Manufactured: | week 05/1994 | | Made in: | Malaysia | | L1 Cache: | 8+8 KB | | CPU Code: | Pentium
P5 | | Intel S-Spec: |
SX835 |
| Package Type: | Ceramic
PGA-273
Goldcap |
| Socket: |
4 |
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Intel Pentium A80501-60 Goldcap |
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A80501-60 SX974
ICOMP INDEX=510
L4473529-0948
INTEL (M) (c) 1992 |  |
94421454NA
MALAY 452 R
INTEL (M) (c) 1992
A80501-60
SX974 |
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| Core Frequency: | 60 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 60 MHz |
| Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,100,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.80 µ | | Voltage: | 5 V | | Introduced: | March 22, 1993 | | Manufactured: | week 47/1994 | | Made in: | Malaysia | | L1 Cache: | 8+8 KB | | CPU Code: | Pentium
P5 | | Intel S-Spec: |
SX974 |
| Package Type: | Ceramic
PGA-273
Goldcap |
| Socket: |
4 |
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Intel Pentium A80501-66 Goldcap |
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A80501-66 SX950
ICOMP INDEX=567
L50111934-0636
INTEL (M) (C) 1992 |  |
94393716AA
MALAY 511 S
INTEL (M) (C) 1992
A80501-66
SX950 |
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| Core Frequency: | 66 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,100,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.80 µ | | Voltage: | 5 V | | Introduced: | March 22, 1993 | | Manufactured: | week 01/1995 | | Made in: | Malaysia | | L1 Cache: | 8+8 KB | | CPU Code: | Pentium
P5 | | Intel S-Spec: |
SX950 |
| Package Type: | Ceramic
PGA-273
Goldcap |
| Socket: |
4 |
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The Intel Pentium Processor
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The Intel Pentium is a fifth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor, introduced on March 22, 1993. It is the successor to the 486 line. The Pentium was originally to be named 80586 or i586, but the name was changed to Pentium because numbers could not be trademarked. 586 is however, used in programming referring to all the early Pentium processors, and Pentium-like processors made by the Intel competition.
The original Pentium microprocessor had the internal code name P5, and was a pipelined in-order superscalar microprocessor, produced using a 0.8 µm process. It was followed by the second generation Pentium P54, a shrink of the P5 to a 0.6 µm process, which was dual-processor ready and had an internal clock speed different from the front side bus (it's much more difficult to increase the bus speed than to increase the internal clock). In turn, the P54 was followed by the 3rd generation P54C, which used a 0.35 µm process - a pure CMOS process, as opposed to the Bipolar CMOS process that was used for the earlier Pentiums.
The early versions of 60-100 MHz Pentiums had a problem in the floating point unit that, in rare cases, resulted in reduced precision of division operations. This bug, discovered in 1994, became known as the Pentium FDIV bug and caused great embarrassment for Intel, which created an exchange program to replace the faulty processors with corrected ones. The 60 and 66 Mhz 0.8 µm versions of the Pentium processors were also known for their fragility and their (for the time) high levels of heat production.
FDIV-Bug
Following S-Spec numbers are affected:
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| P5-50: |
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Q0399 |
| P5-60: |
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Q0352, Q0394, Q0400, Q0412, Q0466, SX753, SX835, SZ949 |
| P5-66: |
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Q0353, Q0395, Q0413, Q0467, SX754, SX837, SZ950 |
| P54-75: |
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Q0540, Q0541, Q0601, Q0606, SX951 |
| P54-90: |
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Q0542, Q0543, Q0611, Q0612, Q0613, Q0628, SX679, SX874, SX885, SX909, SX921, SX922, SX923, SX942, SX943, SX944, SZ951 |
| P54-100: |
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Q0563, Q0587, Q0614, Q0677, SX886, SX910, SX960 |
References:
Ars Technica: An Architectural History
Pentium at Wikpedia |
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| TCP (Tape Carrier Package) Pentiums on adaptor boards to be plugged onto notebook connectors. Before the introduction of the MMC-1 (Mobile Module Connector 1) there were many methods to connect the CPU to a notebook. Some of them were soldered on directly, making it almost impossible to upgrade them, some used standard desktop size sockets (which took a lot of space), some were fixed on a small daughter board and attached to the mainboard. A variety of proprietary module connectors was introduced, providing a possibility to upgrade to a higher clocked version of the initial processor. |
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Intel Pentium PP100 Mobile Module |
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PP100 Y020
C626168W
I (c)'92'93 |  |
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| Core Frequency: | 100 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Clock Multiplier: | 1.5 | | Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,300,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.35 µ | | Voltage: | 2.9 V | | Introduced: | 1992 | | Manufactured: | week 26/1996 | | L1 Cache: | 16+16 KB | | Intel S-Spec: |
Y020 |
| Package Type: | Plastic
TCP-320 |
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Intel Pentium PP133 Mobile Module |
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PP133 Y019
86360135
I (c)'92'93 |  |
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| Core Frequency: | 133 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Clock Multiplier: | 2.0 | | Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,300,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.35 µ | | Voltage: | 2.9 V | | Introduced: | 1992 | | Manufactured: | week 36/1996 | | L1 Cache: | 16+16 KB | | Intel S-Spec: |
Y019 |
| Package Type: | Plastic
TCP-320 |
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Intel Pentium PP133 Mobile Module, variant |
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PP133 Y019
86450176
I (c)'92'93 |  |
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| Core Frequency: | 133 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Clock Multiplier: | 2.0 | | Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,300,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.35 µ | | Voltage: | 2.9 V | | Introduced: | 1992 | | Manufactured: | week 45/1996 | | L1 Cache: | 16+16 KB | | Intel S-Spec: |
Y019 |
| Package Type: | Plastic
TCP-320 |
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The Intel Pentium MMX Processor
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| In October 1996 Intel released the 4th Pentium generation as the 'Pentium with MMX Technology' (usually just called Pentium MMX); it was based on the standard Pentium core, the 0.35 µm process of 3rd generation Pentiums was also used for this series, but it had a new set of 57 "MMX" (MultiMedia eXtensions) instructions to improve working on multimedia tasks, such as encoding and decoding media. However, software must be specially optimized to make use of MMX, and the increased speed the Pentium MMX showed at its apparition was mainly due to the fact that the internal cache had been doubled in size to 32 KB. |
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Intel Pentium MMX TT80503166 Mobile Module |
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TT80503166
C7371323
SL26T 2.45V
(M)(C)'92'95 |  |
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| Core Frequency: | 166 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Clock Multiplier: | 2.5 | | Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 4,500,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.35 µ | | Core / I/O Voltage: | 2.45 / 3.3 V | | Introduced: | 01/1997 | | Manufactured: | week 37/1997 | | L1 Cache: | 16+16 KB | | CPU Code: | P55C | | Intel S-Spec: |
SL26T |
| Package Type: | Plastic
TCP-320 |
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This Pentium OverDrives are Intel Pentium processors for 486 Socket 3 and Socket 2 motherboards, provided as a means to give a Pentium performance-level upgrade option for owners of 486 computer systems. It was however criticised for being more expensive and slower than competing CPU-upgrade options such as the AMD Am5x86 and
Cyrix 5x86, and being too late to the market. Mainboard compatibility was also a problem, it turned out that many boards didn't support this new chip.
To perform properly, the Pentium OverDrive was dependent on a high amount of secondary cache ram being present on the motherboard; without it the chip was only a
trivial amount faster than a DX4.
References:
Datasheet
Intel
pcguide.com |
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| The original Pentium P5 chips were different than later P54 versions, in terms of voltage, socket size and power consumption. Intel made a clock-doubling OverDrive for these chips, which is sold as one 120/133 MHz chip: when replacing a Pentium 60 it runs at 120 MHz, and when replacing a 66 it runs at 133. This is a true Pentium chip since it is on a Pentium motherboard, although it still benchmarks below the real Pentium 120/133, most likely due to the older design of the Pentium 60/66 motherboards. |
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Intel Pentium OverDrive PODP5V133 |
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PODP5V133
L6073203-0467
SU082 V1.0
INTEL (M)(C)'92'93 |  |
15389030AB
MALAY ES |
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| Core Frequency: | 133 MHz | | Board Frequency: | 66 MHz |
| Clock Multiplier: | 2.0 | | Data bus (ext.): | 64 Bit | | Address bus: | 32 Bit | | Transistors: | 3,300,000 | | Circuit Size: | 0.35 µ | | Voltage: | 5 V | | Introduced: | 04/1996 | | Manufactured: | week 03/1996 | | Made in: | Malaysia | | L1 Cache: | 8+8 KB | | Intel S-Spec: |
SU082 |
| Package Type: | Ceramic
PGA-273 |
| Socket: |
4 |
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| Pentium 75, 90 and 100 MHz run with a clock multiplier of 1.5 on system buses of 50, 60 and 66 MHz respectively. Intel has made OverDrives for these running at 125, 150 and 166 MHz by using a clock multiplier of 2.5. |
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With the introduction of the Intel Pentium with MMX Technology, Intel also created OverDrive processors to upgrade existing Pentium motherboards to the new MMX chip. Most older Pentium motherboards cannot handle the new Pentium with MMX because of its requirement for a 2.8V core. Keeping with the tradition of Intel's OverDrive line, the Pentium with MMX OverDrive includes a converter that lets it run in Socket 5 motherboards (except for the 200) and Socket 7s that do not have 2.8V support. Otherwise the chip is identical to the standard Pentium with MMX.
References:
Datasheet
pcguide.com
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